Ryan Sallmann has been involved with tennis for nine years as a player, coach, and writer. Ryan starting playing tennis at the age of 16 in high school in Wisconsin. He then went on to play for Wisconsin Lutheran College in route to helping them win their conference and secure a bid to the NCAA tournament. Ryan coached at Waukesha West High School, Waukesha Tennis Association, Milwaukee Tennis and Education Foundation, and Wisconsin Lutheran College. Ryan also writes for Stripe Hype and Brew Sports.
Florida is a state that definitely has its own vibe. While this is definitely true of its human inhabitants, in this case its the wildlife that I’m talking about, in particular, the birds. While the sunshine state is home to tons of different birds, there are some that truly embody the state more than others. Dare I say, they are downright iconic. What dictates an iconic bird species? It’s one that everyone thinks of when they think of the state or region. Whether its due to their habitat specificity, rarity, or simply their coloration, here are five birds that rise above the rest as iconic birds of Florida, and species that you should definitely be on the lookout for when birding there.
Purple Gallinule
If you get a clear look at a Purple Gallinule, it would be very difficult to misidentify it. They are one of the few North American birds that are actually purple, but in addition to that, they have lustrous green backs with shades of blue mixed in as well as bright yellow legs and what can best be described as a candy corn bill. The problem is that these secretive birds may not always be easy to view, as they tend to spend time hidden in low vegetation in swamps and marshes. Additionally, while Purple Gallinules are found throughout much of South America and in parts of Mexico year-round, in the United States they are much more limited in range, only living in states around the gulf coast, and for most of those states, only seasonally. By far, the easiest place to find these colorful birds is in Florida where they reside year round. Not only is Florida the best place to have a sighting though but it’s also the best to see them up close. So close in fact that it’s almost ridiculous. Going to some of the many marshes and wetlands in the central and southern parts of the state will provide the best looks you’re going to get of Purple Gallinules right off the path. The Purple Gallinules limited range, seemingly increased boldness in Florida, and their magnificent coloration is why this species finds itself on the list.
Roseate Spoonbill
The second bird on our list is another that has some incredibly bright colors. Roseate Spoonbills are one of the most unique looking birds in the country. Sporting a bright pink and white color palette, these birds could really only be confused with Flamingos and that confusion is alleviated once you get a look at that namesake spoon shaped bill. These large wading birds can be found throughout much of South America and the Caribbean. They frequent the coasts of Mexico during the winter months and do have a range in the Gulf Coast of the United States that includes Texas, and Louisiana among others. Florida is another state that holds populations of Roseate Spoonbills year round, and just like with the Purple Gallinule, it’s quite possible that there’s no better place in the continental US to view them than in the sunshine state. In many of the same places that have Purple Gallinules, there are ample opportunities to see Roseate Spoonbills at extremely close range. You can also find them nesting in some of these areas as well. Overall, the fact that Roseate Spoonbills are so easily found in Florida, combined with the fact that they are so bright in color makes them an iconic bird of the state.
Limpkin
Limpkins are very strange birds. They look like herons and kind of act like them too, but they are actually more closely related to rails and cranes. They have a curved bill that they use as a tool to pull their primary food source, snails, from their shell, and the noise they make is something of a scream that can be heard at all hours of the day and night. Making them even more funny is the fact that they got their name from the way they move around with what appears to be a limp. In terms of range, Limpkins can be found throughout most of South America, Mexico, and the Carribean, but in the United States, they were for the longest time known as a Florida specialty species since they couldn’t be found in any other state. This has changed in recent years as an expansion in apple snail populations has allowed these birds to expand as well. However, when thinking about Limpkins, Florida is still the first place in the US you think of and it’s still a great place to find them. Making this goofy and weird bird a state icon.
Snail Kite
Much like Limpkins, Snail Kites rely on the exact same food source, apple snails, to survive. For that reason they have a similar range to limpkins as well, including South America, the Carribean, and Mexico. Where their range differs is that in the United States, they haven’t expanded like the Limpkin and can only be found in the state of Florida. This means they are absolutely one of the most desirable birds to find in the state for visiting birders. To locate Snail Kites, travel to the sunshine state and look for swampy areas with plenty of Snails and keep an eye out for these agile raptors perched over the water or actively hunting. The fact that these regal raptors can only be found in Florida, mixed with the specificity of food and habitat, makes the Snail Kites one of the most Iconic birds in the state.
Florida Scrub-Jay
Out of all of the birds that can be found in Florida, one rises above the rest as the most iconic bird species. That bird is the Florida Scrub Jay. With a gray body, blue wings, blue head, and blue necklace on their chest, these spiffy looking birds are Florida’s only endemic species, meaning that they can’t be found anywhere else on earth. Unfortunately, these jays are federally threatened and listed as a 20 out of 20 on the continental concern score. This is in large part due to habitat fragmentation and the destruction of tracts of oak scrub that the jays need to survive. The good news however, is that work is being done in many parts of Florida to monitor and preserve the species. This also means that even though in the grand scheme of things Florida Scrub-Jays are rare, if you know where to look, they are actually very easy to find, and typically very friendly because of how often they see scientists and conservationists coming to check on them. Overall, the fact that Florida Scrub-jays are rare, charismatic, and only found in Florida, makes them the most iconic bird in the state.
American Flamingo
There’s one more bonus bird that has to be mentioned when talking about Florida: The American Flamingo. Flamingos were once native to Florida and well known as a state icon. Unfortunately, throughout the 1900s their numbers in the state dwindled until they were completely gone from the wild midway through the century. Flamingos would be sighted in the state from time to time, but all of these sightings were presumed to be of birds that escaped captivity. Fast forward to 2018 and a study was done that confirmed that wild flamingos were indeed living in Florida. Since then, the state has once again become the only place to reliably find these majestic, pink birds in the United States. It will take a bit of time to see what the Flamingo populations in Florida will do. This uncertainty is why they are listed here as a bonus bird, but they are certainly an iconic bird species that right now can be found in Florida.
Florida is a beautiful state with tons of places to explore and unique birds to see, but these five stand above the rest as the most iconic. Are there any birds we missed? Let us know in the comments below, and as always, thanks for watching, we’ll see you next time, on Badgerland Birding.
The Mourning Dove is a classic North American bird species known for its presence around backyard bird feeders and nostalgic coo. While many people are fans of these pinkish gray birds, I was surprised to learn that there are people out there that actively dislike this species. I’ve always found Mourning Doves to actually be an extremely likable species and these are the reasons that I really like mourning doves, and you should too!
They are very Common
There is an expression that goes something like this, “familiarity breeds contempt.” In this case, familiarity breeds attachment. Mourning Doves are certainly familiar to most people. They are year-round residents of most states in the US, a large part of Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, and even some parts of southern Canada. They do migrate a little farther south in the winter and a little farther north in the summer. Not only are these birds easily findable due to their vast range in the continental US, but also because of the places they choose to spend their time. Mourning doves tend to do very well in places inhabited by humans. In cities and towns they can be seen perching on wires and in trees, often in pairs or multiples. Of course, Mourning Doves are among the most well-known feeder birds in the country, taking advantage of seeds that have fallen to the ground or feeding off of platforms big enough to hold them. I appreciate the fact that the familiar wild companion that is the Mourning Dove can often be found in backyards or feeding stations all across the country.
They have a Cool Looking Appearance
Mourning Doves sometimes get a bit of a bad rap for their appearance. They are medium sized and generally puffy looking. When at a bird feeder they are larger than many other common backyard birds leading people to call them things like fat, lazy, and greedy. In reality, Mourning Doves are actually incredibly fast and streamlined flyers, resembling a falcon when in the air. When not in the air they are actually probably underrated in terms of their beauty as they are tan to gray in color with a pinkish hue. Their wings are slightly darker in color than their body and they have some dark gray to black colored markings on the wings as well as the neck right by the face. Males can show more pink coloration on their chest as well as a blueish gray top of their head. Both males and females have a dark circular eye with light blue skin around it. Overall, Mourning Doves are actually quite nice looking birds and appear incredibly cute when sitting there all fluffed up.
They make some iconic noises
Certain bird noises can evoke strong feelings related to childhood memories or simply just a a pleasant time in life. Out of all North American bird species, it’s possible that the noises made by the mourning Dove are the most nostalgic. They make a classic dove coo-ing noise which sounds a bit somber as rises and falls
This is actually where these birds get their names from due to the noise sounding a bit sad, as if the bird is in mourning. In addition to their actual vocals, Mourning Doves have another signature noise that they don’t even make intentionally. When Mourning Doves take off or land, air is pushed through their wings causing parts of the feathers to vibrate and making a loud whistling sound.
This sound is appropriately referred to as wing whistles and are thought to be a sort of natural alarm system, warning other doves that one of the birds has detected a threat and left the area.It is also possible that the noise could startle potential predators, allowing the doves to escape before the predator even knows what happened. Both of these noises made by the Mourning Dove can be heard around neighborhoods and backyards in many areas, meaning they provide a nice trip down memory lane when heard as an adult. They also provide a lovely ambiance when in the background of daily life.
They’re generally peaceful
Doves are typically viewed as symbols of peace. Mourning Doves are not always perfectly peaceful. Males will defend their favorite perches from other males and they may get a bit snippy from time to time with other birds around the feeder, but most of the time they coexist pretty well with each other and other species around the feeder. For this reason, they are a great bird to have around the backyard bird ecosystem. Additionally, unlike some other more aggressive species such as House Sparrows, Mourning Doves generally do not fight other species for nesting sites. This is in large part to the fact that mourning doves are not cavity nesters but rather nest builders. A quick side note, mourning Doves are actually terrible at creating nests and do some of the most suspect work of any species I’ve seen but I digress. In all, Mourning doves are relatively peaceful, and in spite of some people criticising them of being bullies around the feeder or even worse, Fat, they actually do get along with other birds for the most part.
They are Adaptable
One of the reasons mourning doves are so well known by even nonbirders is because they have adapted to both human habitation as well as other less hospitable natural environments. Of course, these birds have learned to take advantage of bird feeders, but they have also learned to take advantage of cultivated grain, meaning they can survive in even more areas. In regards to some of the habitats they survive in, this common bird in urban places, also survives in the deserts of the US thanks in large part to their unique ability to drink somewhat salinated water. In fact, they have been known to drink water with a salinity nearly half that of seawater, a pretty crazy adaptation for what is typically thought of as a pretty basic species. This adaptability makes the mourning dove not only a likeable and familiar companion, but a hardy survivor.
In all, even though some people overlook the Mourning Dove, they are a cool and entertaining species. Their cuteness, their adaptability, and tendency to put us at ease with their nostalgic cooing all makes them a bird that is totally worth appreciation frm both birders and feeder watchers alike. What do you think about Mourning Doves, let us know in the comments below, and if you liked this video, take a look at one of these and as always, thanks for reading, we’ll see you next time, on Badgerland Birding.
For many people, parrots are thought of as birds that can only be found in the most tropical parts of the world. It may be surprising then to hear that there are actually many different kinds of parrots that live wild in the United States. Even more interesting is how these parrots got here in the first place, and how they continue to survive in a place they aren’t originally from. Here is everything that you need to know about five parrot species that you can find in the United States
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet
Yellow-chevroned parakeets are bright green with shades of darker and lighter greens mixed in. Their signature marking is thor namesake yellow chevron on each of their wings visible when at rest. These birds are native to the tropical parts of South America including Brazil, northern Argentina, and Paraguay. Although they live in tropical places, they aren’t usually found deep in the jungle but rather in more disturbed or cleared forests such as those inhabited by humans. They tend to like edge habitat with tree cover yet plenty of open spaces as well. This habitat preference has helped them thrive in places that don’t seem like they would live in, including where they make their homes in the United States. If you want to find Yellow-chevroned parakeets without leaving the US the two states you’ll need to travel to are California and Florida. In particular, the cities of Los Angeles and Miami. Both places known for celebrities, warm weather, and glamorous lifestyles are also strongholds for nonnative bird species including these small green and yellow parrots. If you’re interested in seeing them, you’ll need to track them based on recent reports on ebird or get lucky hearing them in and around the area parks and neighborhoods.
Rosy-faced Lovebird
Rosy-faced Lovebirds, als known as peach-faced lovebirds have a green back, wings, and underside, they have blue on their rumps and of course, a namesake reddish pink colored face. The native range of these adorable birds is actually southwestern Africa, Namibia and Angola to be precise. The habitat in this part of the world is dry, arid, and hot, which mirrors the part of the United States where they have taken up residence. One of the hottest cities in the country, Phoenix Arizona. While they also live in the surrounding areas, the parks and buildings around Phoenix have become some of the best places in the country. Interestingly, Rosy-faced Lovebirds have found ways to handle the heat of Arizona, in large part thanks to their ability to adapt to human civilization. In cities and towns, water features and leaky air conditioners serve as ways to cool off when temperatures soar. So how did African parrots end up in Phoenix in the first place? As is the story with so many non native birds, the pet trade was the culprit. As one of the more common species of captive they have actually turned up in many different states including Texas, Florida, and California but Phoenix is really the only one where they have taken hold, survived, and grown in numbers to the point where the population is self-sustaining. Now, going to particular parks in Arizona can yield fairly high numbers of Rosy-faced Lovebirds roosting in trees and sometimes even cacti.
Green Parakeet
South Texas is a place with many different bird species that can’t be found anywhere else in the country. In addition to native birds there are others that may not originally have lived in the region, but now are naturalized to the point where their populations are stable and in some cases even growing. One such bird is the Green Parakeet. Green Parakeets, also known as green conures are as one would expect, green in color with their wings and head generally being darker green than their undersides. They have yellow tail feathers and red speckles on their cheeks. Green Parakeets can be found in different parts of Mexico but they can also be found in parts of the United States. One place to find them is the bastion for parrots that is the Miami area in Florida where they flock in relatively small numbers compared to the best place to find them; the Rio Grande Valley in South Texas. The south Texas population is interesting for a variety of reasons. The first reason is just how many of them live in the region, in and around the cities and neighborhoods flocks of these green birds can be seen feeding on fruit trees and even spending time in very urban places such as parking lots with power lines and tall trees for roosting. The second very interesting thing about them is that people still don’t exactly know how they got there. They are close enough to the native population in Mexico that it’s possible that they are actually naturally occurring in the most southern parts of texas. It’s also possible that like many other parrot species in the United States they were once pets that either escaped or were set free. Either way, Green Parakeets are now naturalized in parts of Texas and a popular species to see for visiting birders
Red-crowned Amazon
Red-crowned Amazons, also known as Red-crowned Parrots, are among the most populous parrots in the United States. They’re also the quintessential parrot in terms of how they look; with green bodies, red on their heads near their bill, and blue behind their eyes. They also have red on their wings visible when at rest but even more striking in flight. The natural range of the Red-crowned amazon is northeastern Mexico where they are actually endangered and at serious risk of disappearing from the region without intervention. The primary cause for this is taking the parrots to sell in the pet trade. The same reason for these birds declining in Mexico is why they are proliferating in the United States, or at least, that’s what started the trend. Captive birds either escaped or were set free and thrived in some of the US states and territories including Florida, California, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii. One of the other places they are most common is in South Texas, but the origins of those populations are still up for debate. The Texas population is close enough in distance to the native population in Mexico that it’s possible that they were once actually part of it and are simply native to the region. However, no one knows for sure if this is the case or if like the other populations in the country, they are descendants of escaped pets. Either way, with their native populations in Mexico doing so poorly, the parrots living in the United State are useful as a backup population in case they ever do disappear. In addition to being safety net against extinction, they are also a source of ecotourism for some of the cities and regions that they reside in. South Texas in particular, which already plays host to many birders every year, is a premier spot to go looking for Red-crowned Amazons. In certain parks and neighborhoods, large flocks of Red-crowned Amazons flock together to prepare for the night. These flocks sometimes include other species of parrots as well and are extremely noisy as they gather and find a roosting site. These events are fascinating spectacles and definitely worth it if you’re visiting the area.
Monk Parakeet
Out of all of the parrot species living in the US, the one that has been able to spread across the country the most is the Monk Parakeet. Monk Parakeets have a gray face, neck and underside, and a green back and wings. They have vibrant blue on their wingtips and blue feathers mixed in with their otherwise green tail. The native range of these small parrots is the south central part of South America. They are more common in grasslands and savannas than more tropical habitats as they are well equipped to survive temperate climates. In the United States their story is the same as many other parrots. Pet birds either escaped or were freed and then found the habitat to be suitable enough to survive and even self-sustain populations. What makes the Monk Parakeet different, is that they thrived in cities and states much farther north than other bird species. A large part of their survival in colder areas is because of two key adaptations. The first is that they not only eat fruits and nuts, but also seeds and crops. This means that even in the winter they can still find food, including bird feeders. The other adaptation is their massive stick nests that they build. These nests provide insulation from the bitter cold and allow for colonies of these birds to live in New York and Chicago where their large nests can be seen in urban areas. Funny enough, places like tall bridges and electrical plants are likely places to find this species in the United States. It is worth noting that they also live in the typical United States parrot locations such as Florida, Texas, and Southern California.
Parrots are fascinating birds that certainly have an association with the most tropical parts of the world, but as it turns out, they can also live in parts of the world you wouldn’t expect, and may be closer to you than you think. In the United States, these species that originated from all over the world, have found a way to survive, and don;t look to be going anywhere any time soon. If you liked this video, take a look at one of these videos going more in depth on certain parrot species, and as always, thanks for reading, we’ll see you next time, on Badgerland Birding.
The world is filled with incredible birds that inspire people to create art, make music, and travel countless miles to see them. Then, there are others that make people feel completely the opposite about. What they feel is pure, unbridled hatred. You may think i’m exaggerating, but trust, me, the proof is in the comment section. People hate these species for a variety of reasons, with some of them being a perception that the bird is a bully, the fact that the bird is nonnative to a region they inhabit, or even for some other more personal reason. Before getting into it, remember that everyone has a different opinion and some people may love these birds, it’s just a generalization about some species that many people strongly dislike or maybe that just need a better PR team. With that in mind, let’s get started talking about five birds that everyone hates.
Feral Pigeon
Just about everyone is familiar with the plump and gregarious Pigeon. Originating from the Rock Dove, a species native to parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa, pigeons were brought to the United States and were actually extremely important to the progression of civilization as they were used both as a source of food and even as message carriers during wars. Over time, these once valuable birds escaped or were released and set up shop in cities all over the world and in particular in the United States. As the new range of the pigeon expanded their favorability among humans declined. Over time, populations of pigeons absolutely exploded in cities where food was plentiful and high rise buildings were more than suitable replacements for the cliffs that their ancestors nested in.
As pigeons became more and more of a fixture in places that humans live, people became more and more annoyed by them. One of the reasons has to do with the large amounts of pigeon excrement on statues, sidewalks, and even hitting people passing below. Another has to do with the perception that pigeons carry diseases and are overall dirty animals. Some people have even expressed unhappiness with pigeons visiting their bird feeders, stating that their ability to eat large amounts of seeds quickly along with their large size for backyard birds makes them appear as greedy or bullies. This is all of course actually mostly perception, and in reality, pigeons aren’t any dirtier than any other bird species. The biggest difference is that pigeons live in places that we don’t think nature should be in and instead of being impressed with their resilience, we as humans deem them to be separate from nature and therefore, vermin to be dealt with rather than a beautiful natural animal.
European Starling
The next bird on the list is another species that originally didn’t live in the United States. European Starlings were brought to the United States in the acclimatization era in which people thought it was a good idea to introduce european birds into North America. The Starling was a species that did extremely well in its new environment and quickly spread across the continent. As Starlings expanded their range, disdain for them increased as large flocks of them gathered to feed on lawns, swarmed bird feeders, and pushed out native cavity nesting birds. Over time, starlings became firmly entrenched as a North American species and now exists in such high numbers that getting rid of them would be a nearly impossible task that would involve collateral damage for other species and the environment as a whole.
In present times, opinions on European Starlings are mixed. In their original range, they are a beloved species known for their intelligence and beauty. In their expanded nonnative range, some people feel that way, but many others see them as a nuisance and a species certainly warranting hatred.
Canada Goose
Canada geese
The Canada Goose is perhaps one of the most interesting cases of a hated bird species. Unlike most others on this list, Canada Geese are native to North America. Not only that though, but they are actually a bird that is linked with the changes of the seasons in many people’s minds, since their V-shaped flocks move north and south each year during peak times for waterfowl to migrate. That is however, not the case. People seem to generally have a very negative view of these large brown bodied birds because of how unpleasant interactions with them can be. There are many species of geese and ducks that are skittish and spend their time in secluded marshes and wetlands; this is not the case for the Canada Goose that chooses instead to oftentimes live in places frequented by humans such as public parks, athletic fields, school campus, and random sidewalks. When these interactions happen, Canada Geese can be bold and opt for confrontation rather than flying away. They’ve been known to hiss at people passing by, and sometimes even get a little more aggressive than that. Additionally, they leave large droppings all over the place which people looking to use parks and greenspaces find gross. So how bad is the Canada Goose hate? Bad enough that some places actually deem them to be public nuisances and kill them.
While they can certainly be majestic and wild, their pension for living in public spaces makes them an enemy for many people.
Brown-headed Cowbird
The second native North American bird on the list, the Brown-headed Cowbird is despised more for its biological adaptations than anything else. These birds are brood parasites, meaning they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds. Brood parasitism is actually a great strategy for cowbirds since it puts the cost of defending a nest, and feeding young on an entirely different species, freeing up the cowbird to focus on producing more eggs and thus growing the population even more. It’s thought that this strategy made sense for the species since they are known for following herds of Buffalo moving across the plains and picking off insects kicked up by the large animals. Not having to be tied down to a specific location or using energy feeding young worked well for their somewhat nomadic lifestyle.
This was all well and good as the Brown-headed Cowbirds stuck to a pretty specific region and habitat; but that changed when humans arrived on the scene and started altering the landscape. Cutting down trees and fragmenting forest created more habitat for the Brown-headed Cowbird, and bird feeders provided a consistent food source, meaning they didn’t even have to move locations, they could just stay in the same area for the entirety of a breeding season. The fact that humans happened to create the perfect habitat for cowbirds helped them spread all across the country and unleashed them on new bird species that had never had to fight against brood parasitism before. Some at risk species have been pushed closer to the edge due to Cowbirds such the Kirtlands Warbler. It makes sense why people would dislike the cowbird especially because of the damage that they can do to other bird species, but it’s important to remember that humans played a massive role in creating the problem.
House Sparrow
It’s quite possible that out of all North American bird species, there is none more polarizing than the House Sparrow. Originally native to Eurasia and Northern Africa, these small but hardy birds were brought to the United States in an attempt to make the new world feel more like home to European settlers along with the hope that they would eat insect pests that were damaging crops. Of course, the House Sparrows found their new home more than suitable and quickly spread across the continent. There are plenty of nonnative species that have taken up residence in North America such as the Eurasian Collared Dove, the Western Cattle Egret, and even many different parrot species, so why does the House Sparrow get so much more hate? Part of it is simply just how successful they have been. House Sparrows now occupy every continent with the exception of Antarctica and are a common site in cities and at backyard bird feeders where they can come in droves and push out other more timid species. The other massive reason House Sparrows are so hated has to do with their darker side. These seemingly harmless birds are fierce and aggressive when it comes to vying for nesting sites. It’s well-known that House Sparrows attack and kill other cavity nesting birds including Tree Swallows and Bluebirds. While this fact is tough for people that like House Sparrows to believe, it is certainly one of the reasons people have such a disdain for them. All that being said, the House Sparrow is a complicated bird species. They are hardy survivalists that can’t necessarily be blamed for their ways, especially since it was humans who brought them to the new world. Additionally, they have actually seen declines in their native range where they are very much still loved.
Overall, each of these birds has a different reason as to why so many people dislike them. On the other hand, each has a lot of people out in the world that don’t hate them and even have an affinity for them. The truth about animals and how humans relate to them and feel about them is always somewhere in the middle of the extreme opinions. After all, they are just animals trying to survive in a world that every day continues in the direction of human progress and these birds are just doing their best to adapt. What do you think of these birds on our list? Are their others that you would add? Let us know in the comments below, and if you liked this video take a look at one of these. As always, we’ll see you next time, on Badgerland Birding.
Shrikes are unique in that they are predatory songbirds with a hooked bill, and cheery call. Nicknamed “Butcher Birds”, shrikes will hang their prey from thorns or barbed wire fences. There are two species of shrikes that can be found in Pennsylvania (both are pretty rare), and they both look similar with a few noticeable differences.
Northern Shrike (Uncommon)
Northern Shrike
Identification
Northern Shrikes look similar to Loggerhead Shrikes, with a gray back, white stomach, black mask, and black and white wings and tail. However, an adult Northern Shrike will have a thinner black mask, and a barred stomach, as opposed to a clean white stomach.
The Northern Shrike has some year-round range in Alaska, but mostly lives in Northern North America in summer and migrates down to the Northern and Central United States in winter.
Diet and Foraging Behavior
Northern Shrikes feed mostly on insects and small vertebrates, but will sometimes also eat carrion. Although they do not have talons, Shrikes will use different tactics to kill their prey, including driving it into the ground or using their hooked bill. Once dead, Shrikes will sometimes wedge the prey onto a thorn or wire.
Where to Find this Bird
Northern Shrikes are almost exclusively found in Indiana in winter. They can be found in edge habitat with open landscape nearby, and ample perches, whether manmade or natural.
Watch us search for a Northern Shrike in winter
Loggerhead Shrike (Rare)
Loggerhead Shrike
Loggerhead Shrike
Identification
The Loggerhead Shrike is a gray bird with a thick, black mask, hooked black bill, gray body, clean white stomach, black and white wings, and black tail feathers. They look similar to the Northern Shrikes, but adults will have a thicker black mask and a clean white stomach, as opposed to the barred stomach of the Northern Shrike. Loggerhead Shrikes also have a more head-heavy appearance.
Watch us search for and find a Loggerhead Shrike in Texas
Range
Loggerhead Shrikes can be found year-round in many parts of Southern North America, and move further north in their breeding season, going as far as parts of Southern Canada. During their nonbreeding season, some individuals may expand further south into areas where they are not normally found year-round.
Diet and Foraging Behavior
Loggerhead Shrikes feed mostly on insects, reptiles, amphibians, small mammals, and birds, but they will also eat organisms that are already dead such as roadkill.
Where to Find this Bird
Look for Loggerhead Shrikes in open areas that also have isolated perching structures such as low trees, shrubs, or fences.
Listen to the Loggerhead Shrike Call – Jonathan Jongsma (CC by 3.0)
A juvenile Loggerhead Shrike (Bill Grossmeyer photo)
Which of these species have you seen? Leave a comment below and thanks for reading!
Grebes are fascinating birds that look something like a cross between a loon and a duck. These small waterbirds have legs that are at the back of their body which are perfect for diving and maneuvering through the water.
In South Carolina, there are five different species of grebes that usually make an appearance on an annual basis, with some of them being extremely common, and others being fairly rare. Here is everything you need to know about these five species.
Eared Grebe (Rare)
Eared Grebes in Breeding Plumage – Photo by Tom Bunker
Eared Grebe Winer Plumage
Identification
Eared Grebes are compact looking members of the grebe family displaying a shorter neck than other species in the grouping as well as a shorter bill. In breeding plumage, this species is quite colorful with a black head, neck, and back, orangey brown colored sides, and golden feathers just behind their bright red eye. It’s also worth noting that they have a crested appearance. In nonbreeding plumage they are far less extravagant looking with a dark head and back, white sides, a white throat, and a white underside. Even in nonbreeding plumage, Eared Grebes still have a bright red eye but they do not appear as crested.
Range
Eared Grebes winter in Mexico and the Southwestern United States in addition to the Pacific coast. In spring, they move north and spend the summer in most of the Northern States west of the Mississippi River as well as Southwestern Canada. They have a habit of showing up farther east than expected during migration.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Eared Grebes eat an assortment of different small vertebrates and invertebrates including fish, shrimp, insects, and amphibians. Since they often live in water with a high salt content, brine shrimp are sometimes a staple food item.
Where to Find This Bird
Eared Grebes are typically found in shallow ponds and lakes. Often times, these birds gather in extremely large groups during migration and are regular visitors of salty bodies of water.
Horned Grebe
Transitional and Breeding Plumage Horned Grebes
Identification
Horned Grebes are fairly small members of the grebe family with a short bill. In breeding plumage, Horned Grebes have a black head and wings with rusty reddish brown sides, a bright red eye, and amber colored feathers near their eye, which somewhat resemble horns. Nonbreeding birds have a black top of the head, wings, and back of the neck, but are white everywhere else. They still have a bright red eye in ninbreeding plumage.
Range
Horned Grebes winter in the Southeastern United States, along the Atlantic Coast, and along the Pacific coast from Baja California all the way up to the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. In spring, they move north and breed in Alaska, Western Canada, and some of the northern states that border Canada such as North Dakota and Montana.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Horned Grebes eat a very wide variety of aquatic creatures including small fish, crustaceans, tadpoles and many different species of insects. They will not only eat aquatic insects but also catch them out of the air.
Where to Find This Bird
Horned Grebes breed in shallow lakes and ponds with plenty of vegetation to hide in. During migration, they show up in many different bodies of water ranging from manmade lakes to ponds.
Pied-billed Grebe
Pied-billed Grebe
Identification
The Pied-billed Grebe is a small and distinctive looking bird with a brown body and white near the tail. The wings and top of the head are darker than the chest and underside. The term “pied-billed” means striped bill, and it’s certainly an apt way to describe the species as the black stripe on the short, wide bill is obvious in breeding adult birds. Nonbreeding birds look generally the same but without as noticeable of a stripe on the bill. One fascinating thing about Pied-billed Grebes is that they can actually control how much of their body is underwater. Sometime they will only have their neck and head above the surface.
Range
Pied-billed Grebes are extremely widespread across the Western Hemisphere with a year-round range in Southern South America, Northern South America, Central America, Mexico, and most of the United States. In summer, Pied-billed Grebes move north and breed in the Northeastern US, as well as the Midwest. They also can be found throughout Southern Canada in summer.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Pied-billed Grebes mostly prey on small fish and crustaceans, but they will also eat snails, tadpoles, and aquatic insects. These birds hunt for food by diving and catching prey items underwater.
Where to Find This Bird
Pied-billed Grebes can be found in slow moving water such as marshes, flooded fields, and ponds.
Red-necked Grebe (Rare)
Red-necked Grebe in Breeding Plumage – Photo by Alaska Region U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Red-necked Grebe in Nonbreeding Plumage – Photo by Caleb Putnam
Identification
Red-necked Grebes are quite striking in breeding plumage when they have their namesake rusty red neck as well as distinctive gray and white cheeks. They also a dark gray to black cap, a long yellow bill with a dark tip, and a dark gray to black back. In nonbreeding plumage, this species is much more pale with only light traces of a red neck and white cheeks. In terms of grebes, the Red-necked Grebe is on the more slender side with a longer neck than many other species.
Range
Red-necked Grebes are widespread across the globe with most of North America, parts of Asia, and Europe serving as a native home to this species. In North America, these birds winter along both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, then make their way into Alaska and Western Canada (in addition to some states in the continental US) to breed.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Red-necked Grebes eat a variety of aquatic animals, most commonly fish, crustaceans, and insects. They will also eat other aquatic invertebrates as well as reptiles and amphibians. This species takes a page out of the loon handbook when it comes to hunting as they will often use sight to locate food in clear water and then actively hunt for it.
Where to Find This Bird
During the breeding months Red-necked Grebes can be found in marshes and shallow lakes. Usually their breeding areas have thick vegetation lining the shore, providing good places to hide. In winter, the coasts of the United States can hold large numbers of these birds just offshore.
Western Grebe (Rare)
Western Grebe
Identification
Western Grebes are slender looking waterbirds with a longer neck and bill than many other grebe species. They look the same in both breeding and nonbreeding seasons with dark gray to black on their back, wings, back of the neck, and top of the head. They have a white face and underside with a yellow bill and bright red eye.
Range
True to its name, the Western Grebe is a species of Western North America. They winter along the Pacific coast of Mexico and the United States all the way up to the most Southwestern part of Canada. In summer, they move into the Western half of the US and Canada to breed. Western Grebes are year-round residents in parts of Northern and Central Mexico.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Western Grebes primarily feed on fish, but they also eat other creatures found in the water including crustaceans, amphibians, and insects. This species actively dives for it’s prey and easily moves through the water while hunting.
Where to Find This Bird
In winter, look for Western Grebes in saltwater habitats along the Pacific Coast. In summer, this species utilizes large freshwater lakes to breed in.
Summary
Grebes are unique and fascinating waterbirds that don’t quite fit into any other category. Knowing the habits, range, and key identification features of each of these species can be incredibly useful in knowing what to look for in the field. Hopefully, this article has helped in answering some questions about the grebes of South Carolina.
Nuthatches are goofy birds that move along tree trunks and branches looking for food. There are four species of nuthatches that live in the United States and three of them can be found in South Dakota. Here is everything you need to know about these three species.
Pygmy Nuthatch
Pygmy Nuthatch – Photo by Robb Hannawacker
Identification
True to their name, Pygmy Nuthatches are a small and stubby looking bird with a blueish-gray back and wings, tan underside, and brown cap. They have a darker brown line over their eye.
Range
Pygmy Nuthatches live in specific pockets of suitable habitat in Mexico and the western half of the continental United States. Their range also includes a small part of southwestern Canada.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Pygmy Nuthatches search bark and clusters of conifer needles for small invertebrates including insects and spiders. They will also eat seeds and are known to come to bird feeders. These energetic birds will cache seeds in crevices to save for later and feed very acrobatically, always hopping around and often making their squeaky call.
Where to Find This Bird
Pygmy Nuthatches can be found in conifer forests, particularly forests with tall Ponderosa Pines. These birds often forage in groups and can be seen in flight going from tree to tree.
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Red-breasted Nuthatch
Identification
Red-breasted Nuthatches are personable and energetic birds with blueish gray backs, rusty orange undersides, and white heads with black stripes. Males have slightly more striking colors than females, but both have the same general patterns and colors.
Range
Red-breasted Nuthatches live year-round in the northern forests of North America including the southwestern portion of Alaska, much of Canada, and parts of the Northern, Eastern, and Western United States. As early as July, Red-breasted Nuthatches start making their way south for the winter. They can end up as far south as Texas and Louisiana depending on the year.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Red-breasted Nuthatches eat insects and other invertebrates like spiders when they are available. In times of the year when insects are not around, these birds eat conifer seeds. They will also visit bird feeders and take seeds to either eat in a nearby tree or save for later.
Where to Find This Bird
Red-breasted Nuthatches are birds of conifer forests and can usually be found in locations with healthy cone crops. They will also visit bird feeders where they show up momentarily and are gone just as fast as they came in.
Badgerland Birding searches for Red-breasted Nuthatches
White-breasted Nuthatch
White-breasted Nuthatch
Identification
White-breasted Nuthatches have a blueish gray back and wings, white face and underside, and black back of the neck and top of the head. They have rust color on their underside near the tail.
Range
White-breasted Nuthatches are year-round residents of most states i the United States with only just a few regions such as South Texas not playing host to this species. They also live in southern Canada and much of Mexico with the exception of the coasts.
Diet and Foraging Habits
White-breasted Nuthatches eat primarily insects and other invertebrates. Much of the time they find such food items by climbing up and down branches and tree trunks and investigating each crevice in the bark. This species will also eat seeds, and even things such as suet and peanut butter. They are a common sight at bird feeders where they will take a seed and fly off to eat it or cache it for later.
Where to Find This Bird
White-breasted Nuthatches are a common species in deciduous forests. They also live in edge habitat and in parks and backyards. White-breasted Nuthatches are seen often at bird feeders and usually only stay for a short time to take food and leave, returning frequently to repeat this routine.
Summary
Nuthatches are goofy and entertaining species that are very fun to watch. They are commonly encountered birds due to their propensity for visiting bird feeders. They are certainly a species worth knowing since you are certain to run into them while out in the field.
Geese can be loud, but also beautiful birds that can be found throughout North America. Since there are only a handful of species that call the United States home, geese can be a good group to start with if you’re just beginning to learn bird identification. Both males and females of these species look the same as far as plumage, and they do not have different colorations in different seasons.
South Carolina is home to many different goose species with some being common and others being rare. Here is everything you need to know about those species.
Brant (Rare)
Brant
Identification
The Brant is a medium-sized goose that is smaller than a Canada Goose, but larger than a Mallard duck. They have a black head, stubby black bill, black neck and upper chest, with a brown and white body, white rump, and black wingtips. They have a characteristic white mark on their neck that can be variable in size and shape.
Range
Brants normally migrate through parts of the western and northeastern United States and parts of Canada, with some wintering populations on the east coast and in Alaska. They nest in the arctic wetlands of northern North America.
Diet and Foraging Behavior
Brants feed mostly on vegetation such as grasses, sedges, and aquatic plants. In the winter, they eat mainly eelgrass and algae, although in some areas they will also eat other grasses if eelgrass is not available.
Where to Find this Bird
The Brant is rare in most midwestern states. Keep an eye out for this bird in flocks of other goose species, normally found near water or in open grassy areas or farm fields.
Canada Goose
Canada Goose
Identification
Adult Canada Geese are large birds with a black head and neck, white cheek, brown back and sides, black feet and legs, with a white stomach and rump. They are larger, have a longer neck, and a longer bill than the closely related Cackling Goose. It’s worth noting that there are many different subspecies of Canada Geese that can vary slightly in size and appearance.
Range
Common year-round throughout much of North America, the Canada Goose migrates south in the winter and north throughout the Northern U.S., Canada and Alaska in the summer. Once seen as a majestic migratory bird, many Canada Geese have spread to urban environments and can be seen hissing at those that get too close to them or their young.
Diet and Foraging Behavior
During spring, Canada Geese feed mostly on grasses, and during the fall and winter, they eat mostly seeds and berries.
Where to Find this Bird
Look for Canada Geese near water, in open or grassy fields often in large flocks. They can also be found in and near urban ponds. Look for them flying overhead making the classic goose “honk” and flying in a “V” formation.
Listen to the Canada Goose Call – Jonathan Jongsma (CC by 3.0)
A flock of birds illustrating the “V” formation flight pattern (Mussi Katz photo)
Cackling Goose (Rare)
Cackling Goose (front) with Canada Goose (behind)
Identification
Adult Cackling Geese look very similar to Canada Geese, but with some key identification differences. They have similar color patterns with a black head and neck, white cheek, brown back and sides, black feet and legs, with a white stomach and rump, however they are smaller (about Mallard duck sized) with a stubbier neck, steep forehead, and smaller, more triangular shaped bill. They will often flock with Canada Geese, along with other geese species. These flocks can be extremely large during migration.
The Cackling Goose spends winter in the central U.S. and Central America, with some populations near the East and West coasts. Their migratory route spans the central U.S. and west coast, and they migrate to northern North America to breed.
Diet and Foraging Behavior
Cackling Geese feed mostly on plants and plant material such as grasses, sedges, seeds, and berries.
Where to Find this Bird
Look for Cackling Geese near water, in open or grassy fields, and in mixed flocks. Also look for them flying overhead with other goose species, and keep an eye out for noticeable smaller birds, compared to Canada Geese.
Snow Goose
Snow Geese (2 blue morph left and 1 white morph, right) (Bill Grossmeyer photo)
Blue morph Snow Goose (Bill Grossmeyer photo)
Identification
Snow Geese are majestic birds that come in different color morphs. The adult white morph Snow Goose has an all white body, black wingtips, and a pinkish-orange bill with a black “grin patch”. A “grin patch” is a visible space between the upper and lower mandible of the bird seen when the bird’s bill is closed. A “blue morph” Snow Goose is the same size as the white morph with the same bill color, however the body is dark in coloration with variable amounts of white and darker colors along with a white head.
Range
Snow Geese breed in northern North America and migrate through much of North America. They winter in select areas of the United States and Central America, often in large flocks.
Diet and Foraging Behavior
Snow Geese are vegetarians that feed on grasses, shrubs, seeds, berries and more. Sometimes they will eat entire plants.
Where to Find this Bird
Snow Geese can be found in large flocks, mixed in with Ross’s Geese, Canada geese, and Cackling Geese. They are often seen in or near water, or in fields. Keep an eye out for mixed flocks flying overhead in a “V” formation.
Ross’s Goose (Uncommon)
Ross’s Goose (Bill Grossmeyer photo)
Identification
Along with Snow Geese, Ross’s Geese also have multiple color morphs. Adult white morph Ross’s Geese have an all white body, black wingtips, and a pinkish-orange bill with a small or absent “grin patch”. A blue morph Ross’s Goose will be the same size as the white morph with the same bill color, however the body will be dark in coloration with variable amounts of white and darker colors along with a white head. A true blue morph Ross’s Goose is very rare, and many are actually hybrid Snow and Ross’s Geese. Keep on the lookout for signs of hybridization such as a bird with a small, triangular bill but a large, dark grin patch. Overall, Ross’s Geese will be smaller than Snow Geese with a smaller, triangular bill that has a gray-blue base, and a stubbier neck.
Range
Ross’s Geese breed in northern North America in colonies and migrate through much of central and western North America. They winter in select areas of the United States and Central America, often in large flocks.
Diet and Foraging Behavior
Ross’s Geese are vegetarians that feed on grasses, shrubs, seeds, berries and more. Sometimes they will eat entire plants.
Where to Find this Bird
Ross’s Geese can be found in large flocks, mixed in with Snow Geese, Canada, and Cackling Geese. They are often seen in or near water, or in fields. Keep an eye out for mixed flocks flying overhead in a “V” formation.
Adult Greater White-fronted Geese (sometimes called Speckled Geese, or Speckle-belly Geese) are brown in color with a white rump, white stripe on their side, white forehead, black spots on their stomach and a bright pinkish-orange bill and legs. They can look similar to Greylag Geese, which are a domesticated species that can sometimes be seen in urban parks, but Greylag Geese will have a thicker bill, be larger and more stout, and have a striped neck.
Range
Greater White-fronted Geese breed in northern North America in colonies, and on the Alaskan tundra, and migrate through much of central and western North America. They winter in select areas of the western and southern United States and central America, often in large, mixed flocks.
Diet and Foraging Behavior
Greater White-fronted Geese feed mostly on plant material such as grasses, berries, sedges, emergent vegetation, and tubers.
Where to Find this Bird
Greater White-fronted Geese can be found in large flocks, mixed in with Ross’s, Snow, Canada, and Cackling Geese. They are often seen in or near water, or in fields. Keep an eye out for mixed flocks flying overhead in a “V” formation.
Which of these species have you seen? Leave a comment below and thanks for reading!
Cuckoos are slender, medium sized birds, known for being difficult to find. Due to their secretive nature, they can be exciting for birders to see in the wild. In Iowa, there are two species of cuckoos that can be found on an annual basis. Here’s everything you need to know about them.
Black-billed Cuckoo
Yellow-billed Cuckoo – Photo by Alan Schmierer
Identification
Black-billed Cuckoos have a brown head, back, wings, and tail with a white underside. As their name would suggest, they have a black bill and a red eye.
Range
Black-billed Cuckoos winter in the northwestern part of South America. In spring they migrate north into northeastern and northcentral United States along with southern Canada.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Black-billed Cuckoos feed primarily on insects (especially caterpillars). In nonbreeding season, they also eat fruits and other plant matter such as seeds.
Where to Find this Bird
Black-billed Cuckoos are found in forests, edge habitat, woodlands, and marshes with numerous trees. They can be extremely elusive and are difficult to get eyes on even if they are in the area.
Yellow-billed Cuckoo
Yellow-billed Cuckoo – Photo by Alan Schmierer
Identification
Yellow-billed Cuckoos have a brown head, back, and wings. Their long tails are black with white at the end of the feathers giving their tails a spotted appearance. These birds have a clean white underside and a yellow bill with some black on the upper mandible.
Range
Yellow-billed Cuckoos winter throughout most of South America with the exception of the most southern and western parts of the country. In spring, they move north inhabiting the Carribean, parts of Mexico, the eastern United States, southeastern Canada, and seemingly random pockets in the western United States.
Diet and Foraging Habits
A large portion of the Yellow-billed Cuckoos diet consists of caterpillars. They will often find large quantities of tent caterpillars, fall webworms, and spongy moths. Aside from caterpillars they will also eat other types of insects and small invertebrates along with some types of fruits and seeds.
Where to Find this Bird
Yellow-billed Cuckoos frequent woodlands (especially woodlands with water nearby), scrublands with thick bushes, and even stands of trees in otherwise more open areas.
Summary
Cuckoos are goofy and elusive birds that are always fun to see in the field but can sometimes be tough to identify. We hope this post has helped you learn about and identify the Cuckoos of Iowa.
Owls are extremely charismatic species beloved by both birders and non-birders alike. Nocturnal, mysterious, and secretive, these birds play important roles in our culture.
There are 12 species of owls that can be found in Iowa on any given year with some being found quite frequently and others being rare visitors. Here are the owl species to be on the lookout for if you are in Iowa.
Barn Owl (Rare)
Barn Owl – Photo by Many Wonderful Artists
Identification
Barn Owls have are a thin looking owl species with an orangey tan and gray back, head, and wings. They have a light underside and pale heart shaped face.
The call of the Barn Owl is a violent sounding scream. It’s possible that legends of creatures like banshees and screaming ghosts derived from people hearing the haunting calls of Barn Owls at night.
Range
Barn Owls reside in most of Mexico and the United States year round with the exception of some of the states in the Northern part of the country. Even in the Northern states where their range either does not extend or does not extend very far into, a few individuals of this species can still be found.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Barn Owls hunt almost exclusively at night. Due to this, they eat mostly other nocturnal animals, especially rodents. Voles, mice, shrews, and rats are all creatures that are common prey items for Barn Owls. In addition to small mammals, Barn Owls will also eat small to medium sized birds.
Where to Find This Bird
Barn Owls live in open areas with plenty of space to hunt. Some common places to find them are agricultural fields, grasslands, deserts, and even more urban environments such as cities. As their name suggests, they can be found roosting in barns as well as tree cavities and other structures.
Barred Owl
Barred Owl
Identification
Barred Owls are bulky with round heads, white undersides with brown stripes, and brown backs. They also have white striping on their backs, and dark eyes typically looking uniform in color. Like many owl species, Barred Owls have a flat face known as a facial disk.
Barred Owls have a very distinctive call as they make a “who cooks for you” call. They are known to call even when it’s light out.
Range
Barred Owls are non-migratory and can be found year round in the Eastern United States, Southern Canada, and the Pacific Northwestern states of the US. Many of the Western states do not have resident Barred Owls in the wild.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Barred Owls eat many different types of small and medium sized creatures including mammals, other birds, amphibians, and reptiles. They have even been cited going into the water to catch fish and crustaceans. Barred Owls typically find a good vantage point and watch for potential prey items, they will then swoop down from above to catch their meal.
Where to Find This Bird
Badgerland Birding searches for a Barred Owl in an old growth forest
Look for Barred Owls in forests (conifer or deciduous) where there are plenty of tall trees to perch in and cavities to roost in. Older forests with taller trees are typically preferable. Swamps are also good places to find this species, especially in the Southeastern states.
Barred Owls are a species that will call during the daytime so listen for their classic “who cooks for you” call even when it’s light out.
Boreal Owl (Rare)
Boreal Owl – Photo by Lorri Howski
Identification
Boreal Owls are small and compact with a light underside with brown vertical striping, a brown back and wings with white spots, and a brown to black head with white speckling. They have a gray face with black outlining the top of the facial disk and black “teardrop” markings below the eyes. Unlike some other owl species that have solid black looking eyes, Boreal Owls have bright yellow eyes.
Range
Boreal Owls are non-migratory and are a species of the northern half of North America. They can be found as for north as Alaska and as far east as Canada’s Atlantic Coast. In the United Staes, Boreal Owls live in some of the mountains states of the Western US including Idaho, Wyoming, Montana, Colorado, and Washington among others. They also turn up as rare visitors in some of the Midwestern and Northeastern states bordering Canada, but not on an annual basis.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Boreal Owls eat small rodents, birds, and insects with mammals being the primary staple of their diet. They will stake out places with mice, shrews, and voles around places like bird feeders and wait for the opportune time to attack. It is not uncommon for this species to return to the same hunting site regularly.
Where to Find This Bird
Boreal Owls can be found most frequently in Boreal Forests of conifers and birches. They can be incredibly difficult to find during the day as they roost in different places each day. However, they can sometimes be seen staking out bird feeders. Often times, the best way to locate this species is by listening for their calls during the late winter and early spring.
Burrowing Owl
Burrowing owl (Photo by Jennifer Soos)
Identification
Burrowing Owls are small, round-headed birds with bright yellow eyes. They have a brown back and wings with white spots. Their underside is white with brown scalloping.
Range
Burrowing Owls are year-round residents of most of South America (with the exception of the Amazon Rainforest), Florida, parts of Mexico, and the southwestern United States. In winter they move farther south into Mexico and Central America. In summer they move north, inhabiting most of the western United States and even some parts of southwestern Canada.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Burrowing Owls eat a wide variety of small creatures. Some vertebrate prey items include rodents, songbirds, bats, lizards, and amphibians. Unlike most other owl species, Burrowing Owls actually eat a lot of insects in addition to vertebrates. The types of insects are widely varied and include both terrestrial and flying.
Where to Find This Bird
Burrowing owls can be found in flat, open areas such as grasslands, and deserts. They also show up in a variety of areas impacted by humans such as agricultural fields, airports, and even golf courses. They are often seen around burrowing mammals such as prairie dogs. Finding prairie dog towns is typically a good way to also find these owls.
Eastern Screech Owl
Red morph Eastern Screech Owl
Identification
Eastern Screech Owls are small, round looking birds with pointed ear tufts. They come in two different colors or “morphs,” with one being gray and the other being orange. Gray morph birds are very well camouflaged as they look almost exactly like bark with a light gray base color and darker patterns on the back, head, and underside. The orange version of the Eastern Screech Owl is known as a “red morph” bird and have a deep reddish orange base color with darker grayish black patterning on their back, head, and chest. Red morph birds have white coloration on their underside going from the throat down toward their legs.
Range
The aptly named Eastern Screech Owl can be found year-round throughout the Eastern half of the United States and Northeastern Mexico. They also make it into some parts of Southeastern Canada as well. The range of this species expands as far west as Montana, Texas, and Eastern Colorado.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Eastern Screech Owls eat a wide variety of small prey items including mammals, insects, crustaceans, amphibians, and reptiles.
Where to Find This Bird
Eastern Screech Owls are not at all picky about where they live. They can be found in all different types of forests including deciduous and coniferous, residential areas such as city parks, areas near rivers and streams, and edge habitat. They live almost anywhere with adequate tree cover. Often times, Eastern Screech Owls use the same roosting sites repeatedly, meaning that they are easy to find if you know where they are roosting. Look for them peaking out of tree cavities or nest boxes sunning themselves, or watch these same places and wait for them to pop out just before dusk when they usually stick their faces out of their roosting site and wait for the right time to take flight for a night of hunting.
Great Gray Owl (Rare)
Great Gray Owl
Identification
The Great Gray Owl is among the tallest owl species in the world, but it is actually surprisingly lightweight. They have a light gray base color with darker gray mottling, making them look very similar to a lichen covered tree. They are darker on their back and wings than they are on their underside. Great Gray Owls have a very large facial disk outlined with darker gray and black and white markings just below their bill.
Range
Great Gray Owls are year-round residents of Alaska and most of Canada with the most Northeastern parts of the country being outside of their range. In the United States, Great Gray Owls can be found in some of the states in the Northwest such as Washington, California, Montana, Idaho, and Oregon. In winter, they have a light migration, moving south into Utah and Wyoming as well as some of the Great Lakes states and Northeastern states. The movement of this species depends on the availability of food in their normal range.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Great Gray Owls hunt at night as well as during the day. Their preferred food source is small mammals such as lemmings, voles, and mice among others. Great Gray Owls will typically hunt by perching high off the ground and scanning the landscape for food. When they spot a prey item they will fly above it and then dive down (often into snow drifts) to catch the animal.
Where to Find This Bird
Great Gray Owls can be found in conifer forests typically in places where there are openings such as bogs. Look for them along forest edges with perches that they can use to survey the surrounding area.
Great Horned Owl
Great Horned Owl
Identification
Out of all of the Owl species in North America, the Great Horned Owl is probably the one that people encounter the most. They are quite large with very noticeable ear tufts and have varying shades of brown covering their back, head, and wings. the Underside of the Great Horned Owl is lighter with a brown wash and darker brown to black horizontal barring.
Great Horned Owls of the arctic population are much more pale and even sometimes look white in color with the same barring and patterns as their southern counterparts.
Range
The Great Horned Owl is extremely widespread across North America as their range encompasses most of Alaska and Canada, the entire continental United States, and the majority of Mexico. They also live in various parts of South America too. This species is non-migratory.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Great Horned Owls eat an extremely wide variety of different animals ranging from small rodents to significantly larger mammals such as skunks and porcupines. They will also eat fairly large bird species such as ducks and even other raptor species. One interesting and gruesome habit of Great Horned Owls is to decapitate their larger prey.
Where to Find This Bird
Great Horned Owls can be found in a variety of different habitats including coniferous forests, deciduous forests, swamps, and residential neighborhoods. The easiest way to find this species is to listen for them making their call: a low “hoo hoo.” During breeding season owls can often be heard calling to one another, a practice known as “dueting.”
Long-eared Owl
Long-eared Owl
Identification
Long-eared Owls are medium sized owl species with very large ear tufts. They are brown on the back, wings, and head with orange, tan, and darker brown colors mixed in. Their underside is brown, white, and orange, giving them the appearance of the bark of a pine tree. Long-eared owls have orange facial disks outlined by dark brown.
Range
Long-eared Owls winter in Mexico and the Southern United States. In spring they move into the Northern United States and Southern Canada. There are many states in which Long-eared Owls are year-round residents such as Utah, Nevada, Wisconsin, Michigan, New York, and many more.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Long-eared owls eat a variety of small rodents. They have also been known to consume birds as well. This species hunts for food in open areas where they typically capture prey on the ground.
Where to Find This Bird
Long-eared Owls are secretive birds that roost in thick tangles of brush and vegetation. They often roost in groups so if you happen to find one of these well camouflaged owls, others are most likely around. Some of their favorite trees to nest in are willows, cottonwoods, and tamaracks. Long-eared Owls can also be found by listening for their deep “hoo” calls often repeated in quick succession.
In the birding community, there is a lot of debate over whether or not the location of Long-eared Owls should be listed anywhere. There have been well documented issues with birders and photographers (mostly photographers) getting too close to roosting Long-eared Owls and scaring them away. As a result, the locations of this sensitive species is not listed on eBird and reports of them are almost never shared.
Northern Hawk Owl (Rare)
Northern Hawk Owl
Identification
The Northern Hawk Owl has a brown back, wings, and tail with white spots. They have a light colored chest and underside with brown horizontal barring and a dark brown to black head with white speckling. Northern Hawk Owls have a light gray colored face outlined in black. One interesting physical trait of this species is fake eye spots on the back of the head.
Range
Northern Hawk Owls inhabit most of Alaska and Canada (in particular the Southern half). Some individuals come south in the winter and end up in the US states bordering Canada.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Northern Hawk Owls primarily feed on small rodents but also eat small to medium sized birds as well. This species hunts during the day as well as during the night.
Where to Find This Bird
Northern Hawk Owls typically reside in mixed conifer forests and can be seen hunting during the day. They will typically sit up on a high perch, scanning for prey and can be quite active. Some of the best places to see this species is edge habitat near open spaces such as bogs and meadows.
Northern Saw-whet Owl
Northern Saw-whet Owl – Photo by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Northeast Region
Identification
Northern Saw-whet Owls are a very small species with a large, round head. They have a brown back and head with white spots, a white underside, and light brown vertical stripes. They have a white facial disk and piercing yellow eyes.
Range
Northern Saw-whet Owls live year round throughout different parts of North America including Southern Canada, the Northeastern, Northwestern, and Midwestern United States in addition to select areas of Mexico. During winter, they end up filling in the other parts of the United States that they don’t inhabit the rest of the year, moving as far south as Texas and Louisiana some years.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Northern Saw-whet Owls eat small prey items such as mice. They also eat other small mammals and small birds.
Where to Find This Bird
Northern Saw-whet Owls can be found in forests ranging from deciduous to coniferous. They are notoriously difficult to find as they don’t usually use the same roost. To try and locate one, search pine stands (this bird seems to prefer roosting in conifers) and look for white washed branches. Another way to find Saw-whet Owls is to listen for their call between late winter and spring which sounds like a drawn out “toot toot” repeated in succession.
Snowy Owl
Snowy Owl
Identification
Snowy Owls are iconic and recognizable birds. Adult males range from pure white to white with a few dark brown markings. Female and immature birds are white with much more dark barring. These birds always have a white face regardless of the age of the bird.
Range
Snowy Owls breed on the tundra of the high arctic. During fall and winter they descend into Southern Canada, Alaska, and much of the continental United States. Just how far these majestic birds will go is dependent on food sources in the north. While this can be somewhat complicated, it generally boils down to the more food availability during breeding season, the more owls are successfully raised in a given year. The more owls that are raised in the north, the more they spread out, thus leading to what’s known as an irruption in which many owls spread out farther south into the United States than usual. The typical southern range for these birds encompases the states bordering Canada.
Learn about the patterns of Snowy Owl migration and irruptions
Diet and Foraging Habits
Snowy Owls feed primarily on small rodents. In particular, they are fond of the lemmings that live in their breeding areas. This species will also eat birds as well with waterfowl being a usual menu item.
Snowy Owls hunt on open landscapes and often times sit for hours surveying their surroundings and watching for small rodents.
Where to Find This Bird
Badgerland Birding searches for Snowy Owls along the Lake Michigan coast
Snowy Owls vary in numbers depending on how good the prior year’s nesting season was. In their normal range they can be found in open areas such as farm fields, tundras, and grasslands. The best time to look for Snowy Owls is during an irruption year when many more birds are coming down from the north and flooding into the United States. During these times, Snowy Owls can actually be quite easy to find and end up in slightly more eclectic places such as lake shores and airports.
Short-eared Owl
Short-eared Owl
Identification
Short-eared Owls are colored the same as the prairies and grasslands in which they reside. They have a light sandy colored back, wings, and tail with dark brown mottling. They have a cream colored underside with vertical stripes. This species has a white facial disk with both dark and sandy coloration just below their bright yellow eyes.
Short-eared Owls are highly maneuverable and acrobatic in flight, flying with rapid wingbeats that make them look moth-like. When flying, their flat faces are quite evident and help in separating them from other species such as Northern Harriers.
Range
Short-eared Owls are a species found across the globe in almost every continent. In North America, they winter in Northern Mexico and the Southern United States then move into the Northern Great Lakes states, Canada, and Alaska to breed in the summer.
Diet and Foraging Habits
Short-eared Owls eat small mammals such a slice, lemmings, shrews, and voles. They will also eat small to medium sized birds. Short-eared Owls are specialized hunters that acrobatically fly over open prairies keeping an eye out for ground dwelling mammals. They spend much more time in the air hunting compared to most other owl species.
Where to Find This Bird
Badgerland Birding scours a frozen marsh to find Short-eared owls
Short-eared Owls can be found in open prairies and grasslands flying low over the landscape. The timing can be important when looking for Short-eared owls as they are crepuscular, meaning they are out most at dawn and dusk. However, there are times when they have been documented flying during the day as well.
Summary
Owls are enigmatic and beautiful birds that are always a treat to see when out in the field. Knowing the species that are expected in your state can be instrumental in identifying which one you’re looking at and understanding their behaviors. Hopefully, this article has helped to answer some questions about the owls of Iowa.